壳寡糖增强草鱼体液免疫的细胞和分子机制
近日,华中农业大学水产学院张永安教授团队以草鱼为研究对象,解析了壳寡糖诱导鱼类B细胞分化并产生天然IgM,从而增强鱼类体液免疫的细胞和分子机制。该研究以“Plasmablasts induced by chitosan oligosaccharide secrete natural IgM to enhance the humoral immunity in grass carp”为题在Carbohydrate Polymers上发表。
壳寡糖(Chitosan Oligosaccharide,COS)是由2-10个氨基葡萄糖经β-1, 4糖苷键连接而成的功能性低聚糖,来源于虾蟹壳,纯天然、无毒害、分子量小、水溶性高、易被机体吸收利用,可作为饲料添加剂显著提高畜、禽、水产动物的免疫力和抗病力并促进动物生长。然而,早期的研究多聚焦于壳寡糖对动物先天性免疫细胞(如巨噬细胞和树突状细胞)的激活,很少关注壳寡糖对适应性免疫细胞(如B细胞)的活化作用。
为了探究鱼类B细胞活化及抗体产生机制,张永安团队首先制备了草鱼IgM重链的单克隆抗体,发现健康草鱼中存在两类IgM+ B细胞亚群,即IgM+ B淋巴细胞和IgM+ 髓样细胞。其中,IgM+ 髓样细胞被进一步鉴定为类似于哺乳动物的浆细胞,且重组表达的CD40L和IL-21能够协同促进IgM+ 浆细胞的生成和IgM的分泌表明鱼类B细胞能够被相关信号分子显著诱导分化。基于此,研究进一步发现壳寡糖能够与B细胞表面的甘露糖受体(MR)和整合素(Integrin)结合而激活下游的信号通路,最终强烈诱导草鱼脾脏IgM+ B淋巴细胞增殖分化为IgMlo和IgMhi B细胞亚群,其中IgMlo B细胞被证实是一类膜表面低表达IgM,能够分泌天然IgM的浆母细胞。活体实验进一步证实,壳寡糖诱导增殖的IgMlo浆母细胞可以从脾脏迁移到血液,大量分泌能够靶向病原相关分子模式(PAMP)的天然IgM,从而提高鱼体的抗病力。研究首次揭示了壳寡糖增强鱼类体液免疫的细胞和分子机制,为壳寡糖在鱼类养殖业中的应用提供了有力的理论支撑。此外,研究还进一步明确了鱼类B细胞的先天性免疫属性,且为研究鱼类B细胞的分化提供了良好的模型。
我校博士生王杰为论文的第一作者,张永安教授和张旭杰副教授为论文的共同通讯作者。该研究得到了国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金以及中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金的资助。
【英文摘要】
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is an attractive immunopotentiator capable of driving humoral immunity in vertebrates, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms still require elucidation. In this study, COS induced the proliferation and differentiation of splenic IgM+ B cells into IgMlo and IgMhi B cell subsets in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)。 The IgMlo B cells were further identified as short-lived plasmablasts that secreted natural IgM with binding-abilities to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN)。 Moreover, the mannose receptor (MR) and integrins were discovered and identified as the binding-receptors of COS on IgMlo plasmablasts. The MR synergized with integrins to trigger intracellular signal transduction to boost plasmablast generation and expansion. Notably, IgMlo plasmablasts originally generated in spleen but they migrated into blood to secrete natural IgM, which augmented the serum bactericidal activity. Taken together, this study revealed the cellular and molecular mechanisms of COS-triggered humoral immunity in fish.
论文链接:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144861721014600 |